Orringer, Julie  
  
  
    In 1940
 Varian Fry--a Harvard educated American journalist--traveled to Marseille carrying three thousand dollars and a list of imperiled artists and writers he hoped to rescue within a few weeks. Instead
 he ended up staying in France for thirteen months
 working under the veil of a legitimate relief organization to procure false documents
 amass emergency funds
 and set up an underground railroad that led over the Pyrenees
 into Spain
 and finally to Lisbon
 where the refugees embarked for safer portraits Among his many clients were Hannah Arendt
 Franz Werfel
 Andre Breton
 Max Ernst
 Marcel Duchamp
 and Marc Chagall.